polyhistidine peptide have been previously reported as novel cell-penetrating peptides - Snooptag snoopcatcher is a peptide tag that is often used for affinity purification of recombinant proteins Polyhistidine Peptide: A Versatile Tool in Biotechnology and Research

Ha tag The polyhistidine peptide, commonly known as a His-tag or polyhistidine-tag, is a short sequence of amino acids primarily composed of histidine residues. This motif, typically consisting of six or more consecutive histidines (often referred to as 6xHis or His6), has become a ubiquitous and indispensable tool in molecular biology and biochemistry. Its primary utility lies in its remarkable ability to bind strongly to immobilized metal ions, most notably nickel (Ni-NTA), facilitating the efficient affinity purification of recombinant proteins. Beyond its role in protein purification, polyhistidine peptides are also recognized for their potential as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), enabling the delivery of various molecules into cells.

The Power of Affinity: Polyhistidine in Protein Purification

The most prominent application of polyhistidine peptides is in the realm of protein expression and purification.作者：N Arispe·2010·被引用次数：37—We have found that a small four-histidine peptide,NAHis04, potently inhibits the Aβ-induced calcium channel currents in artificial lipid membranes. When a polyhistidine tag is genetically fused to a protein of interest, it allows for straightforward isolation of the target protein from complex cellular lysates.2021年8月29日—What is the affinity of polyhistidine to Ni-NTA? Anyone knows what a hexahistidine peptide, just the peptide, has towards Ni-NTA or Ni2+ ions? This process relies on the chelation properties of histidine residues, which readily bind to metal ions like nickel, cobalt, or copper immobilized on a chromatography resin.

Key aspects of polyhistidine-based protein purification include:

* High Affinity Binding: The repeated histidine residues create a strong affinity for immobilized metal ions, allowing for selective capture of tagged proteins."Polyhistidine Facilitates Direct Membrane Translocation of ...

* Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC): This is the standard technique used for purification.作者：L Qiu·2018·被引用次数：5—In this study, a cyclic disulfide-bondedpeptide(ATTO 590-cyclo(2,11)-HCHVH DPLPHLHCH, clyco(ATTO-HCHV) was designed and synthesized. The cell lysate containing the tagged protein is passed over a column packed with a resin (eA novel cell surface display system was developed by employing Escherichia coli outer membrane protein C (OmpC) as an anchoring motif andpolyhistidine peptides....g.His-tag, Ni-NTA agarose) that has metal ions chelated to it作者：RD Healey·2023·被引用次数：3—Polyhistidine tags arepeptides consisting of 6 or more consecutive histidine residues(6XHis) that are commonly used for protein .... The polyhistidine-tagged protein binds to the resin, while untagged contaminants flow throughPeptide Therapy: What Is It, Does It Work and Is It Safe? - Burick Center.

* Elution: The bound protein can then be eluted by using a competitive ligand, such as imidazole, which competes with the histidine residues for binding to the metal ions.Peptides and polypeptides have been designed by making use of histidine [18–24]. Indeed,poly-l-histidine is able to mediate acid-dependent fusionand leakage ... Alternatively, a change in pH can disrupt the binding.Thepolyhistidine tags, or 6xHis-tags, are often used for affinity purification of polyhistidine-tagged recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and ...

* Versatility: Polyhistidine tags can be applied to a wide range of proteins expressed in various expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, insect cells, and mammalian cells.

* Tag Removal: In cases where the tag might interfere with protein function or structure, it can often be removed post-purification using specific proteases that recognize a cleavage site engineered between the tag and the target proteinDirect protein delivery into intact plant cells using polyhistidine ....

The relative small size and minimal impact on protein folding make the polyhistidine tag a preferred choice for many researchers. While the exact affinity can vary based on factors like the length of the tag, the specific metal ion used, and the buffer conditions, the principle of metal chelation remains the cornerstone of its utility.作者：Y Tanaka·2021·被引用次数：9—Polyhistidine peptideisan effective carrier of proteins into the intracellular space of various culturedplant cells with intact cell walls.

Beyond Purification: Cell Penetration and Other Applications

In recent years, research has highlighted the intriguing capability of short polyhistidine peptides to act as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). These peptides can facilitate the entry of larger molecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, into the intracellular space of various cultured cells, even those with intact cell walls, like plant cells. This property opens up new avenues for drug delivery, gene therapy, and intracellular protein delivery.

Emerging applications and research areas for polyhistidine peptides include:

* Protein Delivery: Polyhistidine peptides can act as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic proteins or other biomolecules directly into cells, bypassing the need for more invasive delivery methods.

* Inhibitors of Biological Processes: Some studies have identified polyhistidine peptides with inhibitory functions, such as inhibiting calcium channel currents induced by amyloid-beta peptides (e.g., NAHis04).

* Material Science: Poly-L-histidine has been explored for its use in dispersing nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes due to its polycationic natureHis Tag Peptide.

* Surface Display: Polyhistidine peptides can be displayed on the surface of microorganisms like *Escherichia coli*, creating platforms for various biotechnological applications, such as biosensing or vaccine development.6His-Cysteine, HHHHHH-Cysteine

* Peptide Design: The ability to design and synthesize custom polyhistidine peptides, including cyclic variants, allows for the creation of molecules with specific binding affinities or functional propertiesAD1.1.10 recognizes proteins and peptides containing the polyhistidine tag(His-tag). The most common His-tag is the H-H-H-H-H-H (6x-His) motif, ....

While the primary association of polyhistidine peptide remains with protein purification using His-tags, its expanding roles in cell penetration and other advanced biological applications underscore its versatility and ongoing significance in scientific research. The development of novel detection methods and improved understanding of its interactions with metal ions and cellular components continue to drive innovation in its use.