popular-peptides
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides are a group of biologically active molecules derived from a single precursor polypeptide.60 YEARS OF POMC: Biosynthesis, trafficking, and secretion ... Synthesized primarily in the anterior pituitary gland and other tissues like the skin, POMC serves as the foundational structure for a diverse array of hormones and neuropeptides. These POMC-derived peptides play crucial roles in regulating numerous physiological processes, including energy balance, stress response, immune function, and skin pigmentation. Understanding the intricate processing and diverse actions of these peptides is key to appreciating their significance in human health and disease.
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) itself is a polypeptide chain that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific post-translational processing. This processing involves cleavage by specialized enzymes, known as prohormone convertases (PC1 and PC2), which break down the POMC molecule into several smaller, biologically active peptides作者：I Lindberg·2021·被引用次数：46—Peptidesderived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are well-established neuropeptides andpeptidehormones that perform multiple functions, .... The specific peptides produced and their relative abundance depend heavily on the cell type and physiological context作者：E Harno·2018·被引用次数：274—Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual .... This enzymatic cascade is fundamental to generating the variety of functional POMC peptides from a single precursor.
The breakdown of POMC yields several important peptide hormones and neuropeptides, each with distinct functions:
* Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): ACTH is a critical hormone in the stress response. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone that helps the body manage stress, regulate metabolism, and suppress inflammation. ACTH also influences glucose and electrolyte homeostasis.
* Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones (MSH): Various forms of MSH, such as alpha-MSH, are involved in regulating skin pigmentation by stimulating melanocytes to produce melanin.These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within theadrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. Beyond skin, MSH peptides also play roles in appetite regulation and sexual behavior.作者：M Wintzen·1996·被引用次数：163—Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a protein synthesized predominately in the pituitary gland but also in a variety of other tissues, including the skin. For instance, alpha-MSH is known to be more potent than other related peptides in stimulating melanogenesis.
* Lipotropins (LPH): Beta-lipotropin and gamma-lipotropin are also derived from POMC. While their exact roles are still under investigation, they are thought to be involved in fat metabolism and energy balance.
* Endorphins: Beta-endorphin, a potent opioid peptide, is a well-known POMC derivative. Endorphins act as natural analgesics, reducing pain perception, and also influence mood and pleasure.
One of the most extensively studied roles of POMC peptides is their involvement in the regulation of appetite and body weight. Specific neurons in the hypothalamus, known as POMC neurons, express POMC and release its derived peptides into the brain. These peptides, particularly alpha-MSH, act on melanocortin receptors (like MC4R) in the brain to promote satiety and reduce food intake. Dysregulation of POMC signaling in these neurons is implicated in obesity and metabolic disorders, highlighting the critical role of POMC peptides in maintaining energy homeostasis.
Beyond its central nervous system and pituitary functions, POMC and its peptides are also produced in peripheral tissues, including the skinPOMC Peptide (NB100-1533PEP). In keratinocytes, POMC gene expression can be stimulated by factors like ultraviolet B radiation.POMC processing and POMC derived peptides. PC1, PC2: prohormone convertase 1 and 2. Arrowheads indicate potential cleavage sites for processing enzymes. The POMC peptides produced in the skin, such as alpha-MSH, can influence skin pigmentation, immune responses within the skin, and potentially wound healing. The potent melanogenic activity of skin-derived POMC peptides underscores their local importance.POMC-derived peptides and their biological action
The multifaceted roles of POMC peptides have made them a significant area of research.作者：GWM Millington·2007·被引用次数：462—The precursor protein, proopiomelanocortin (POMC),produces many biologically active peptidesvia a series of enzymatic steps in a ... Understanding how POMC is processed and how its derived peptides interact with specific receptors offers potential avenues for therapeutic interventions. For example, targeting POMC pathways could lead to new treatments for obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory conditions, and stress-related disorders.作者：E Harno·2018·被引用次数：274—Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual ... Research also explores the use of POMC peptides in blocking antibody activity for diagnostic or research purposes, and their stimulation of cellular pathways like ERK phosphorylation is a subject of ongoing investigationProopiomelanocortin Peptide-AAC60644.1 - POMC.
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